Alternative Power Solutions Essay -- Technology Electricity Essays

Alternative Power SolutionsOur society has become reliant upon technology and continues to increase with time. Computers and many other electronic devices atomic number 18 utilise in the abides and educational applications. These technologies depend on the postcode companies to function. The quality of power that the consumer receives is determined by the body politic that they live. There are many different ship canal that these companies go about providing heftiness. The largest form of energy in the United States is coal.Coal is a general term for a wide variety of solid materials that are high in carbon content. Most coal is burned by electric utility companies to produce steam to turn their generators. Some coal similarly is subroutined in factories to provide heat for buildings and industrial processes and a special, high-quality coal is turned into metallurgical coke for use in making steel. (Yergin and Stobaugh)Of the 1.2 billion gobs of coal expected to be e xtracted in the United States this year, more than 80 per centum will be used to generate electricity. Indeed, nationwide, about 52 percent of the electricity generated in the country are produced by coal-fired power plants. (Reeves) There is a very large quantity of coal that is produced in America that results in a low cost. However coal plants yield a by-product of sulfur dioxide particles, nitrogen oxide and other airborne toxins. These gases are referred to as green house gases that produce acid rain and global warming. The main reason for the use of this form of energy is the expense. Coal is a very cheap form of energy and is a very plentiful natural resource but is not the best energy source. Another way to make electrical energy is to use a nuclear reactor. Nuclear Energy ... ...There is a definite need to refine this technology to make it more marketable to the consumer to compete with other energy companies. This technology has a great potential for getting rid of tacky power lines, transformers, meter boxes and other devices used to transmit power. Losing power has to be ane of the most inconvenient things to have happen. For example a storm comes through the night before (insert some big event) and all of the power in the area is knocked out. That morning would be a nightmare if it was ever to happen but I am sure it happens every now and then. So why should the customer rely on factors that are beyond control? If customers buy a fuel cell they will have a self-sustained power show that is reliable and safe. In conclusion, the fuel cell is the best form of alternative energy source and is the most feasible among all of them.

Free Epic of Gilgamesh Essays: Character of Gilgamesh -- Epic Gilgames

Analysis of the Character of Gilgamesh In the epic of Gilgamesh, there are many complex characters. every(prenominal) character involved in the story has their sustain per paroleality and traits. The main character in the novel is Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh is a character who is very self-confident. He feels that he is superior to others, due to the fact that he is two-thirds god, and third gear man. This arrogance leads to his being cruel at the beginning of the story. Gilgamesh is described as, two-thirds of him divine, one-third human... Gilgamesh does not allow the son to go with his father day and night he oppresses the weak... Gilgamesh does not let the young woman go to her mother, the girl to the warrior, the bride to the young groom (tablet I, column ii, 1, 12-13, 27-28). Gilgamesh is a man with no equal, so he feels superior. Although Gilgamesh starts extinct cruel he develops into a very kindhearted man. He is extremely supportive of Enkidu and encourages him in dissimil ar situations. When the men are fighting Humbaba Gilgamesh says, you will subdue all of them... a fri... Free Epic of Gilgamesh Essays Character of Gilgamesh -- Epic GilgamesAnalysis of the Character of Gilgamesh In the epic of Gilgamesh, there are many complex characters. Every character involved in the story has their own personality and traits. The main character in the novel is Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh is a character who is very self-confident. He feels that he is superior to others, due to the fact that he is two-thirds god, and one-third man. This arrogance leads to his being cruel at the beginning of the story. Gilgamesh is described as, two-thirds of him divine, one-third human... Gilgamesh does not allow the son to go with his father day and night he oppresses the weak... Gilgamesh does not let the young woman go to her mother, the girl to the warrior, the bride to the young groom (tablet I, column ii, 1, 12-13, 27-28). Gilgamesh is a man with no equal, so he feels superior. Although Gilgamesh starts out cruel he develops into a very kindhearted man. He is extremely supportive of Enkidu and encourages him in various situations. When the men are fighting Humbaba Gilgamesh says, you will surpass all of them... a fri...

Ernest J. Gainess Gathering of Old Men :: Essays Papers

Ernest J. Gainess Gathering of Old Men In A Gathering of Old Men, by Ernest J. Gaines, racism plays a huge part of life in the south. When a blank humanity is found dead his family and friends start to gather to find the man who did this. by and by time these hands start to drink and desexualise a plan to kill the man who just happened to be black. This just shows how even though the gracious was brought freedom to blacks, there is still hate towards them because of their unclothe falsify. After time the black hands also start to gather at Mathus plate (the man who murdered the white man) and they all suffer twelve gauge shotguns. The sheriff arrives and asks who killed that man, and all the black men say, it was me. The sheriff then threatens to take them all to prison, but he can non because he does not know who the murder is. The sheriff wise(p) the racism of the town has a deputy stand on Mathus sidewalk to make sure goose egg happens. As time goes by and the white men argon starting to get angry the man whos son was killed steps in and says this cannot go on any longer. This shows how after time color or race does not matter to people, and how after time a man is a man and a woman is a woman. This upsets the rest of the men even more because this shows them how they are not superior to the black men anymore. As time goes on the sheriff is starting to worry even more because he knows the men have been drinking excessively. When night falls the sheriff and his men go home, praying that nothing will happen. By this time the white men are in truth drunk and want revenge. To the white mens surprise when they arrive to Mathus house they are out numbered at least two to one. The white men realize that they are going to loose once again. When the white men start to click this shows how childish people are when they are not on top of the world.Ernest J. Gainess Gathering of Old Men Essays PapersErnest J. Gainess Gathering o f Old Men In A Gathering of Old Men, by Ernest J. Gaines, racism plays a huge part of life in the south. When a white man is found dead his family and friends start to gather to find the man who did this. After time these men start to drink and make a plan to kill the man who just happened to be black. This just shows how even though the Civil was brought freedom to blacks, there is still hate towards them because of their skin color. After time the black men also start to gather at Mathus house (the man who murdered the white man) and they all bring twelve gauge shotguns. The sheriff arrives and asks who killed that man, and all the black men say, it was me. The sheriff then threatens to take them all to prison, but he cannot because he does not know who the murder is. The sheriff knowing the racism of the town has a deputy stand on Mathus sidewalk to make sure nothing happens. As time goes by and the white men are starting to get angry the man whos son was killed st eps in and says this cannot go on any longer. This shows how after time color or race does not matter to people, and how after time a man is a man and a woman is a woman. This upsets the rest of the men even more because this shows them how they are not superior to the black men anymore. As time goes on the sheriff is starting to worry even more because he knows the men have been drinking excessively. When night falls the sheriff and his men go home, praying that nothing will happen. By this time the white men are very drunk and want revenge. To the white mens surprise when they arrive to Mathus house they are out numbered at least two to one. The white men realize that they are going to loose once again. When the white men start to shoot this shows how childish people are when they are not on top of the world.

Schindlers lost Essay -- essays research papers

Shindlers List Schindlers List "Memory is all we have, and when the memories atomic number 18 dreadful- when they hold images of the pain we have suffered or, perhaps inflicted- they are what we are try to escape" (Corliss 110). Steven Spielberg captures the audience in this critically acclaimed movie about the Holocaust. Schindlers List is a movie made to induce the mind into the unknown, the horrors of mankind War II. David Ansen states "Schindlers List plunges us into the nightmare of the Holocaust with newsreel-like urgency- and amazing restraint" (Newsweek 113). Spielberg brings out all emotions in recapturing this monstrous time period. Schindlers List is about Oskar Schindler, a German Nazi who recitations the Jews to make money off the war. At the beginning of the movie Schindler is portrayed as a womanizer, gambler, and heavy drinker. He becomes friends with some hand Nazi officials to better himself. As the movie progresses Schindler begins to produce w ar materials using the Jews as a labor force. As he sits back and watches the various actions of the Nazis he begins to question his morals. His accountant, Itzhak Stern, begins making a list of around 1200 Jews. These Jews were to come and work in Schindlers factory. When Germany surrendered all of the Nazis were to be hunted. Many Jews thanked him and all of the workers wrote a letter explaining Schindlers actions. Also, a gold ring was given to him inscribed, "Whoever saves one life saves the military man entire" (Talmud). Schindler said good-bye to his workers and fled. Only now the Jews are liberated to have nowhere to go and nowhere to leave. Many great directors concentrate on dialogue, scenery, and plat however, Spielberg stresses the importance of camera angles and the effect of black and white film, scenes and characters, on viewers in Schindlers List. With his outstanding work on camera angles, Steven Spielberg holds the audience at breath while waiting for the n ext scene. Spielberg uses a hand held camera to grasp the effects. David Denby explains how the use of a handheld camera is much more accurate. "The camera keeps moving moving fast, chasing corners and up stairways ." Spielberg makes the movie look "like and advertent look of newsreel footage" (1282). liveness magazine quoted Spielberg discussing the image of Amon Goeth sunbathing. A man named Raymon... ...s that there is mass murdering going on. By looking on the walls at the shadows, the sights seen are atrocious. These shadows came from the black and white wile of the film. So what caused the Holocaust? Many agree the main factor was indifference. "Schindlers List is about the triumph of the human spirit over sadism and degradation, indifference and silence" (Rader 6). Oskar Schindler deliver 1200 Jews. Today more than 6000 Jews are descendants of the Schindler Jews. Spielberg ends the movie with the Schindler Jews placing stones on Schindlers grave. The movie is now in color to remind the audience that there is still sadness going on for the Holocaust victims. Someone who was dedicated to recreating an awful historical event could only do this movie. Steven Spielberg, a Jew himself, never believed he could make it done the movie. He too believed that the black and white made the movie easier to bear with, and gave it a more realistic viewpoint. "The movie ends with the final message "Whoever saves one life, saves the world entire." This message is true. Spielberg has constructed this movie as an educational film, so that it may never happen again.

The Reputation of Othello Essay examples -- Othello essays

The Reputation of Othello Where in the rankings does this Shakespearean tragedy stand? This essay will explore the answer to this question by considering professional literary commentary. Francis Ferguson in Two Worldviews Echo Each Other ranks the pushover Othello quite high among the Bards tragedies Othello, written in 1604, is ane of the masterpieces of Shakespeares tragic period. In splendor of language, and in the sheer power of the story, it belongs with the greatest. But some of its admirers find it too savage . . .. (131) Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar in The Engaging Qualities of Othello fight that the popularity of this play has been consistent for about 400 years because it treats emotions that are universal and persistent in human nature. Its characters do not exist on a plane far removed from ordinary life we are not asked to witness the conflict of kings and conspirators beyond the experience of everyday people we are not involved in the consequences of disasters on a cosmic scale what we witness is a struggle between good and evil, the demonstration of love, tenderness, jealousy, and hate in legal injury that are humanly plausible. (126) The realistic aspect of the play presents a full range of characters, a full range of emotions, a full range of motivations, a full range of actions just as are present in real society. The down-to-earth, realistic consideration is very important to Othellos enduring popularity. The play is so quotable consider Desdemonas opening lines before the Council of Venice My noble father, / I do perceive here a divided duty, or Othellos last words Killing myself, to die upon a kiss. Could the... ...d Nothing. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Heilman, Robert B. The Role We Give Shakespeare. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. The Engaging Qualities of Othello. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Rpt. from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p. Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.

The Reputation of Othello Essay examples -- Othello essays

The Reputation of Othello Where in the rankings does this Shakespearean tragedy stand? This essay will explore the dissolving agent to this question by considering professional literary commentary. Francis Ferguson in Two Worldviews Echo Each Other ranks the play Othello quite high among the Bards tragedies Othello, create verbally in 1604, is one of the masterpieces of Shakespeares tragic period. In splendor of language, and in the sheer power of the story, it belongs with the greatest. But some of its admirers find it too savage . . .. (131) Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar in The Engaging Qualities of Othello maintain that the popularity of this play has been consistent for about 400 years because it treats emotions that are universal and persistent in human nature. Its characters do not know on a plane far removed from ordinary life we are not asked to witness the conflict of kings and conspirators beyond the experience of everyday mint we are not involved in the consequences of disasters on a cosmic scale what we witness is a struggle between good and evil, the demonstration of love, tenderness, jealousy, and despise in terms that are humanly plausible. (126) The realistic aspect of the play presents a well(p) range of characters, a full range of emotions, a full range of motivations, a full range of actions just as are present in real society. The down-to-earth, realistic consideration is very important to Othellos enduring popularity. The play is so quotable consider Desdemonas opening lines before the Council of Venice My noble father, / I do perceive here a carve up duty, or Othellos last words Killing myself, to die upon a kiss. Could the... ...d Nothing. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Heilman, Robert B. The Role We Give Shakespeare. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The rive rbank Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. The Engaging Qualities of Othello. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Rpt. from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p. Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.

The Effects of Drug Abuse

The Effect of Drug Abuse Jason Russ The Effect of Drug Abuse Many batch do not understand why or how opposite people become accustomed to doses. It can be wrongfully assumed that medicate crimers lack moral principles or willpower and that they could stop using drugs simply by choosing to change their behavior. In reality, drug addiction is a complex disease, and quitting takes to a greater extent than good intentions. In fact, because drugs change the brain in shipway that foster compulsive drug cry, quitting is difficult, even for those who are ready to do so.Through scientific advances, we know more about how drugs work in the brain than ever, and we besides know that drug addiction can be successfully treated to help people stop abusing drugs and prolong productive lives. Today, thanks to science, our views and responses to drug blackguard has changed dramatically. Groundbreaking discoveries about the brain have revolutionized our understanding of drug addiction, ena bling us to respond effectively to the problem, (Volkow).Addiction is a modernisemental disease that begins in babyhood and adolescence and is influenced by a combination of factors involving genes, environment, and an individuals age at first drug use. The genes that people are born with in combination environmental influences of their addiction defenselessness. To addition that, gender, ethnicity, and the mental disorders may influence risk for drug abuse and addiction. Scientists estimate that genetic factors account for between 40 and 60 per centum of a someones vulnerability to addiction, including the effects of environment on gene expression and function.Adolescents and individuals with mental disorders are at greater risk of drug abuse and addiction than the general population, (Volkow). Few weakness genes have been found for alcohol dependence and nicotine addiction. Alcoholism is a genetically inherited disease. in that respect are several evidences proving that Scien tists at Washington University School of Medicine conducted a genome-wide association study in 2006 and identified several novel genes composite in nicotine dependence.In 2004, researchers at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine found a protein, called Arc, which may be a culprit in drug addiction. The protein helps the brain retain memories for longer than an min or two, (Association of American Medical Colleges). In 1994, scientists at the Oregon Health & Science University were the first to clone the mammalian gene for the D2 dopamine receptor. dopamine is a brain neurotransmitter that is thought to be essential to the brains response to drugs like opiates and psycho stimulants, (Association of American Medical Colleges). Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine researchers inform in 2006 that mens brains show evidence of up to three times the amount of the brain chemic dopamine as womens brains when undefended to amphetamines. This is the first clinical study that explains why more men than women abuse amphetamines and could lead to tailored treatments for drug abuse and neurological diseases, (Association of American Medical Colleges).On the other hand, many people believe that Addiction is a choice, meaning anyone can stop or moderate their use of addictive drugs anytime they want to by just going to Meditation, Yoga, Exercise, Acupuncture and Counseling. However, drug addiction is a certain disease because one of the main reasons is called dopamine. Addictive drugs trigger the release of the brain chemical dopamine, which in turn creates a reward circuit in the brain. This circuit registers that intense experience as important and creates lasting memories of it as a pleasing experience.Dopamine changes the brain on a cellular level, commanding the brain to do it again, which heightens the possibility of relapse even long after the behavior (or drug) has stopped. Dopamine in addition helps to explain why intense experiences can be j ust as addictive as drugs, (Smithstein). A persons environment includes many contrasting influences, from family and friends to quality of life in general. Factors such as peer pressure, physical and sexual abuse, stress, and quality of parenting can greatly influence the occurrence of drug abuse and the growth to addiction in a persons life.Many people today do not understand why some become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster obsessive drug abuse. Parents who abuse drugs or engage in criminal behavior can increase childrens risks of developing their own drug problems. Use of substances by parents and their children is strongly correlated generally, if parents take drugs, sooner or later their children will also. Teenagers who use drugs are more likely to have one or more parents who also use drugs. Children who depend on illicit drugs usually have poor social skills or academic failures. In 2004, researchers at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA use d structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computational brain mapping to detect structural abnormalities in the brains of degenerative water ice users, (Association of American Medical Colleges). A 2005 study at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine showed that functional MRI might be used to predict relapse in substance-dependent individuals. A simple two-choice test correctly predicted 20 of 22 subjects who did not relapse and 17 of 18 subjects who did, (Association of American Medical Colleges). In one study, 41% of addicted parents reported that at least one of their children repeated a grade in school, 19% were involved in truancy, and 30% had been suspended from school, ( issue Association for Children of Alcoholics). People, who believe that drug addiction is not a disease, claim that have nothing do with the environment. only the scientist enjoins that a people were influenced by a combination factors including genes and environment increas ed drug abuse. In 1995, nearly 3. 1 million children were reported to child tutelary services as abused or neglected. Approximately one million of these reports were substantiated.Substance abuse was found to be a factor in a legal age of these cases, (sparkaction. org). Behavioral treatments help engage people, modifying their attitudes and behaviors related to drug abuse and increasing their life skills to handle complicated, stressful life circumstances and environmental cues that may trigger intense cravings for drugs. Additionally it can enhance the effectiveness of medications and help people remain in treatment in the longer term. The combination of genetic and environmental, factors with sombre developmental stages in a persons life to affect addiction vulnerability.Even though taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, the earlier that drug use begins, the more likely it will progress to more serious abuse, which teenagers will suffer more. Because their brains are s till developing in the areas that choice, and self-control, young people may be especially prone to risk-taking behaviors, including trying drugs of abuse. Babies may be born premature and underweight were exposed to legal and misbranded drugs in the womb. This drug exposure will damage and slow the childs intellection and behavior later in life. Adolescents who abuse drugs often, do ill academically, and drop out of school.They are at risk of unplanned pregnancies, violence, and infectious diseases. Adults have problems thinking clearly, remembering, and paying attention because the drugs damaging their brain cells. They often develop poor social behaviors as a result of their drug abuse, and their work performance and personal relationships suffer. Parents drug abuse often means chaotic, stress-filled homes and child abuse and neglect. Such conditions harm the development of children in the home and may set the stage for drug abuse in the next generation. It is a proven fact tha t substance abuse is the leading cause for people to commit crimes.Drugs and alcohol can mess with a persons mind and cause them to do stupid things, as in robberies, murders, become violent, etc. Drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, narcotics and non-narcotics (prescription drug pills), opium, ecstasy, and mushrooms can all lead to psychological effects on a persons mind. Amphetamines and cocaine increase wakefulness, alertness and vigilance, improve concentration, and produce a feeling of clear thinking (Barton R&M, 2008). There is generally an elevation of mood, humble euphoria, increases sociability, and a belief that one can do just about anything. Depending on the drugs that are being used and the way they are being used, depends on how long the effects from it will last. Some can last from a few minutes to a few hours. Usually the prescription pills last for hours and cocaine effects last for only a few minutes. Any drug can lead to problems with a persons brai n it can blade one mentally disabled. It can also lead to regular nose bleeds, loss of smell, swallowing problems and inflammation of nasal septum. This can occur if one abuses drugs by let out it through their nose.The abuse of prescription drugs are the second most abused drugs in our Nation, with Marijuana being first and Cocaine being third, heroin fourth, and methamphetamine fifth. This list will give an idea of exactly how serious this type of drug addiction is to our Nation today and how it will impact our future. According to the National Health Institute about 20% of people have used prescription drugs for non-medical issues (National Institutes of Health). When you are prescribed pain medication for an injury you may be told to take one pill every 4 hours but you feel that one is not working so you take two this is prescription drug abuse.You may not think that it is that big of a deal but studies say that if you abuse it once you are more at risk of abusing prescription drugs again. Although most people who abuse prescription drugs abuse pain killers there are other types that are abused also. Drug addiction is a chronic yet preventable. According to NIDA-funded research, they have shown that prevention programs relating families, schools, communities, and the media are effective in reducing drug abuse. Although many actions and cultural factors affect drug abuse trend, when people recognize drug abuse as harmful, will stop taking drugs.Thus, education is key in helping people and the public understands the risks of drug abuse. Teachers, parents, medical and public health professionals must keep sending the message that drug addiction can be prevented if one never takes drugs. References Barton R&M 2008. , Mexicos Drug-Related Violence, congressional Research Service Drug Use and Abuse Fighting the Destructive Grip of Addiction Kirst-Ashman, K. (2011). Human behavior in the macro social environment (3rd ed. ). Brooks Cole.ISBN 9780495813651. Kola r, A. F. , Brown, B. S. , Haertzen, C. A. , & Michaelson, B. S. , CHILDREN OF ADDICTED PARENTS IMPORTANT FACTS. National Association for Children of Alcoholics, 1994 Nora D. Volkow, Science of Addiction. National Institutes on Drug Abuse, April 2007 Samantha Smithstein, Dopamine why its so hard to just say no. Psychology Today, 19 August 2010

‘Manila amendments’ to the STCW

As examples The 24 hour point in time should start at midnight The 24 hour period should commence at the time a seaf atomic number 18r starts execute immediately after having any period of rest of one hour or more The period should start from the seafarers first period of work on each calendar day Apparently, such variations in the interpretation can lead to substantial differences in the number of non-conformances detected and recorded, which and then may potentially lead to a fatigue and subsequent accidents caused by the related human error factor.In accordance with mentioned above it could be still tell that fatigue is being considered as a significant contri justory factor to many incidents in the shipping constancy since the policy of monitoring of rest and work hours, that was intentional as a very primal tool to fght with fatigue, is not effective enough. Moreover, in a real life it creates problems with proper understanding of greet for slowness of rest and work hou rs, outline of the workload and real fatigue caused by the Job.And last but not least, existing form of record retentivity of hours of work and rest creates a lot f paper work for the crew and Ship managers and take of their times that could be spend for more important issues. In the meantime, the fatigue prevention policy cannot be ideal since measurement of fatigue is extremely difficult due to the large variability of causes.In accordance with focussing on Fatigue Mitigation and focal point there are many ways to categorize tne causes 0T Tatlgue. 10 ensure tnorougnness ana to prov10e good coverage 0T nigh causes, they shake off been categorized into 4 general factors Crew-specific Factors Management Factors (ashore and aboard ship) Ship-specific Factors Environmental Factors.Even if all of these factors can be considered with the same weighting coefficient in determination of level of fatigue, the most important factors will be still related to the crew specific factors suc h as Sleep and Rest, Quality, Quantity and Duration of Sleep, Sleep Disorders/Disturbances, Rest Breaks, biological Clock/Circadian Rhythms, Psychological and Emotional Factors, including stress, Fear, Monotony and Boredom, Health, Diet, Illness, Stress, Skill, knowledge and training as it relates to the Job,Personal problems, Interpersonal relationships, Ingested Chemicals, Alcohol, Drugs (prescription and non-prescription), Caffeine, Age, Shift work and Work Schedules, Workload (mental/physical), Jet Lag, and so on In view of the above stated it should be think that matter of fatigue is not only related not only to the shipping industry and consequently prevention of fatigue has been already addressed in other industries, such as aura for instance.In accordance with the Fatigue in melody of Federal Aviation Administration, causes of atigue can range from boredom to circadian rhythm disruption to heavy physical exertion. In simple terms, fatigue can be simply defined as wearis omeness, which in most cases caused by the lack of rest. Weariness, at the same time, may vary even for the crew maintaining the same tasks on different eccentric of ships or in a different area of trading. Thus it seems to be logical that industry must use various methods for measuring fatigue of their workers, but not standardising their hours of work and rest.At the same time modification of existing fatigue prevention policy should be more ocused on implementation of new technical foul devices in line with the proven objective approach that will not create extra paperwork but will really measure fatigue and better effectiveness of fatigue prevention. As an example of new methodology for detecting attention lapses or impaired ability of the crew to perform their tasks measuring technique so called Blink Rate (electrooculography) can be considered being good alternative to the current paper exercises.Ponder and Kennedy in their research in 1927 have concluded that blinks are con trolled by the central nervous ystem rather than peripheral processes for this periodic, spontaneous blink, the rate of blinking is closely related to mental tension of the subject at the time, and that in all probability the movements constitute a kind of relief mechanism whereby nervous energy, otherwise unutilized, passes into a highly facilitated path 0. A. Stern, 1994). There are some other technologies that help to define the level of fatigue at the start o a s ITt or contlnuously tnrougnout task perTormance.In researcn I-atlgue RISK Management in Aviation Maintenance Current Best Practices and Potential Future Countermeasures, the following technologies are presented as possible systems that facilitate fatigue measurement psychomotor performance tests that are usually installed on a handheld device or and typically measure the persons speed of response to a stimulus. Voice analysis also may be considered as a method to detect fatigue in operational personnel, particularly in settings where verbal communication occurs via communicate or telephone.Different monitoring systems for measurement of alertness have been as well developed for the road transport industry, and several odels of vehicles now come equipped with systems designed to detect drowsy drivers. (Hobbs, 2011) Several of technical innovations are already being widely used in different industries and shows possibility to move from paper calculation and bureaucratic approach in fatigue management to innovational and objective approach of fatigue management. History shows that several regulations adopted before in aviation industry later were transferred into the shipping industry to assist in improvement of safety management.

Romulus My Father Belonging Essay

What particular insight into an understanding of belonging provoke you gained from Raimond Gaitas representation of his sticks life in Romulus my Father in the former(a) chapters of the memoir, and how his choice of language, way of life, voice and the use of the memoir influenced your response to his story so out-of-the-way(prenominal) In the early chapters of the memoir Gaita gives us images and ideas that he himself acquired from his father, for example though the landscape is one of rare beauty, to the English or European eye it seems desolate and even after 14 years my facer could not become conciliate to it is a quote said early on in the book describing Romulus disdain for the Australian landscape which Raimond originally also shared until his enlightenment. Romulus does not finger like he set up belong in Australia early in the chapter because he still has the images of the lush, green European landscape in his mind and this leads to a sense of not belonging because he hungers for his homeland. The idea that the landscape shapes your identity and sense of belonging is something that Gaita reinforces. Another insight into belonging that Raimond tries to convey is that masses tend to those who share similar values/language to them. Romulus is a migrant and faces lost in this country but he then finds other Romanian people and bonds with them.The house at frogmore which was isolated helped shape Gaitas sense of belonging because he felt safe and free there, this is another example of the place where you grew up shaping your sense of belonging. Time and time again Gaita reinforces the idea that his father was a hero and someone who should be admired. This devotion and love for his father is seen throughout the memoir and we are told anecdotes explaining how Romulus made the hard decisions and tried to raise his son as a good person even going so far to beat him to reinforce these ideals such as lying is bad, respect your parents and not to steal. The repetition of this admiration is used to show the bond between a father and his child.The depression motif gives another insight into how hard it is to acquire a sense of belonging. Many characters in the memoir have depression and this is to emphasis the olfactory property of loneliness, desolation and non-belonging because of the migrant experience and even Romulus himself goes through states of madness during his life because of the migrant experience. Acceptance by all people is something that people must have to belong or else the sadness/loneliness may drive them to madness also. Christina is an example of this because she has no sense of belonging, travels a lot and has a lot of lovers. Gaita neer says she is a bad mother even because of these things, he only reminds us she that she has problems and it is not her fault.Her attempted suicide story is used to make us feel sorry for her and pity because she has never been able to connect with anything, alone, small, frailf orsaken, this accumulation of adjectives gives us a more descriptive picture of what was happening and how she felt. The narrative is in first person narrative and gives us a firsthand experience in what had happened. The memoir seems more real to us because it is real and therefore we can relate to it better and use it to better our lives. Though his language is more matter of fact at the beginning of the memoir, his eventual ascendance changes his language style so much that is clear that is a wiser and smarter Raimond speaking now. This higher intelligence lets us communicate with him better and so we can fully grasp what he is trying to tell us about belonging and how it is to get that true sense of belonging.

Chronic Wasting Disease in Deer

How would you like to see a fourteen point buck in your crossaires with a body of a sick hound dog? Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is destroying deer in the United States. Mule Deer, Whitetail Deer, Shiras Moose, and Rocky Mountain Elk are the only four sensitive to CWD. Once pronounced with Chronic Waste Disease there is no going back. Chronic Wasting Disease in Mule deer ( Odocolleus Hemronus), For much than thirty years, has been a clinical syndrome. The origin of CWD is not known, and because of this, the truth about how CWD aose may neve be identified.The government and science studies do know CDW is a hereditary spongiform Encepholopathy (TSE) of Cervids. Cervids is another way to say hoofed mammals. From 1967 to 2002 CWD spread across the U. S and even entered New Mexico. In 2002 the 1st International CWD symposium was brought together. Held in Denver, Colorado the encounter had a variety of professions attend. Wildlife biologist, pathologists, veterinarians, university sc ientists. Natural resource administrators, and the press met to discuss CWD.The group tied to figure out a way to test Cervids, but no inexpensive solution was concluded. The symposium also concluded that this would effect hunters perception toward the game. There are many clinical signs to show if a cervid is infected with CWD. The biggest is outlet of body condition. Cervids are very bony looking. They show a wide stance, and subtle ataxia (incoordination). They are in the stage of somnolence (sleep/drowsy), and carry their heads lowered. The nutriment consumption lowers dramatically, which leads to poor body condition.The time period of death is anywhere from a couple days to a year, but most commonly a few weeks to several months. If a person spots a Cervid with these symptoms the person is to report it to the DNR. Today there is no cure or give-and-take for Cervids with Chronic Wasting Disease. The situation is problematic, and scientists are trying to regain a way to preve nt CWD. Many tests are combined, surveillance being the largest, to try and find the most affected areas with CWD. To this point there is no answer to eliminating CWD.The positive side is since 1970 to the present there is no concluding evidence of human make from CWD. Across the United States there are stations located in many cities to test Cervids for CWD if found by a Person. This goes about the long-fetched destination to hitch CWD. The DNR is trying to crack down on CWD and find the highly concentrated areas. The finish line may be out of sight, but the constant snub to the end will stay stable. Once pronounced with Chronic Wasting Disease there is no going back.This disease has scientists stumped to where it was originated. Cervids affected with CWD only drive home a few weeks to months to live, and the cure is off sight at this point. If CWD turns for the worse in the future it could extremely effect one of the biggest American games, hunting. With all the organizations and assemblies parcel to try and figure out a concluding cure to the disease, they are hoping to try and stop CWD in the go on future, but at this point that near future is looking far-fetched.

Ap Bio Lab One: Osmosis and Diffusion

Meghann Kiphart AP Biology Lab Report Number One Mrs. Irvine adit Because all molecules have ki mesh topologyic energy and are constantly in motion cells go with a process called diffusion. Diffusion is the movement if molecules from an bowl of high concentration to and area of lower concentration. This process with continue to occur until an equilibrium is r individuallyed. Osmosis is a different and unique kind of diffusion. Osmosis is the diffusion of weewee through a permeable membrane. The phrase permeable membrane means that the membrane go away only allow specific molecules through such a peeing or oxygen.In Osmosis water will travel from an area of higher water electromotive force or an area of lower water potential. Hypothesis I speak up that in this lab, osmosis and diffusion will occur between the solutions of different concentrations until a equilibrium is reached and there is no movement of water. Materials EXERCISE 1A Diffusion The materials include a 30-cm pie ce of 2. 5-cm dialysis tubing, 15-mL of the 15% glucose/1% stiffen solution, 250-mL beaker, distilled water, 4-mL Lugols solution, and string. EXERCISE 1B Osmosis The materials used include 25-mL of these solutions distilled water, 0. M saccharose, 0. 4M sucrose, 0. 6M sucrose, 0. 8M sucrose, and 1. 0M sucrose, scissors, string, a balance, six 250-mL cups, and six 30cm strips of dialysis tubing. EXERCISE 1C Water authorisation The materials that were used included 50mL of distilled water, 0. 2M sucrose, 0. 4M sucrose, 0. 6M sucrose, 0. 8M sucrose, and 1. 0M sucrose, six 250mL cups with hats, 4 spud cores for each cup, a balance, and paper towel. EXERCISE 1D Calculation of Water Potential from Experimental Data This play required a calculator and a pencil. Procedure EXERCISE 1ASoak the dialysis tubing in water before you start the experiment. Tie hit 1 end of the tubing to form a looker like structure. Through the open end of the bad, place the starch solution in to the basi s. Tie off the other end of the substructure to secure the substance inside. Make sure to evidence the food colouring of the solution in Table 1. 1. Next youre going to text the starch solution for the presence of glucose. Record the results in Table 1. 1. Fill a 250ml cup about 2/3 of the way profuse with distilled water. Add 4ml of Lugols solution into the distilled water. Record the color of the solution in the Table 1. . Put the root word in the cup full of the solution. Allow the bag and cup to stand over night. The next day record the final color of the solution in Table 1. 1. Finally test the liquid in the cup and in the bag for the presence of glucose. Record the final results in Table 1. 1. EXERCISE 1B Get six strips of presoaked dialysis tubing and create a bag like was shown in exercise 1A. Pour 25mL of the six solutions into each of the six bags. Tie off the other end of the bags. Rinse each bag mildly with distilled water and dry the outside of the bag with a pape r towel.Weigh each bag and record the results in Table 1. 2. Put each of the six bags into the cups with the six different solutions. Let stand over night. The next day remove the bags from the water and carefully dry the bags with paper towel. Weigh each bag and record them in Table 1. 2. Gather the other lab groups data to be able to complete Table 1. 3. EXERCISE 1C Pour 50mL of the solutions into a labeled 250mL cups. Using a cork borer, cut the potato into 24 cylinders. (4 potato cores x 6 cups = 24 potato cores altogether) weigh the mass of each set of 4 potato cores.Record the data in Table 1. 4. Put 4 potato cores into each solution cup. Cover the cup with a lid to prevent evaporation. Let stand overnight. Remove cores from the cup and dry them with a paper towel. Then determine there combined weigh in groups of 4 (from the same cup). Record the results in Table 1. 4. Calculate the percentageages changes in mass. Collect the class data and determine the class change in mass. EXPERIMENT 1D tick the solute, pressure, and the water potential of the sucrose solution. Then, graph the information that is given about the zucchini cores. QuestionsEXPERIMENT 1A 1. Which substances are entering the bag and which are leaving the bag? What evidence supports the answer? Distilled water and IKI are leaving and entering. Glucose is able to leave the bag. 2. Explain the results that were obtained. Include the concentration differences and membrane pore size in the discussion. Glucose and minor(ip) molecules were able to move through the pores. Water and IKI moved from high to low concentration. 3. How could this experiment be modified so that quantitative data could be calm to show that water diffused into the dialysis bag?You could mass the bag before and after it is placed into the solution. 4. Based on your observations, rank the following by relational size, beginning with the smallest glucose molecules, water molecules, IKI molecules, membrane pores, and star ch molecules. Water molecules, IKI molecules, Glucose molecules, membrane pores, and starch molecules. 5. what results would you expect if the experiment started with a glucose and IKI solution inside the bag and only starch and water outside? The glucose and IKI would move out of the bag and turn the starch and water solution purple/ blue.The starch couldnt move inside the bag because its molecules are too big to pass through the membrane of the tubing. EXERCISE 1B 1. Explain the relationship between the change in mass and the molarity of sucrose within the dialysis bags. The solute in hypertonic and water will move into the bag. As the molarity increases the water moves into the bag. 2. Predict what would happen to the mass of each bag in the experiment of all the bags were places in a 0. 4M sucrose solution instead of distilled water. With the 0. 2M bag, the water would move out. With the 0. M bag, there will be no net movement of water because the solutions reach equilibrium. Wi th the 0. 6M-1. 0M bags the water would move into the bags. 3. Why did you calculate the percent change in mass rather then simply use the change in mass? This was calculated because each group began with different initial masses and we would have different data. All the groups need consistent data. 4. A dialysis bag is filled with distilled water and then places in a sucrose solution. The bags initial mass is 20g and its final mass is 18g. Calculate the percent change of mass, showing your calculations. 18-20)/20) x 100 = 10% 5. The sucrose solution in the cup would have been hypotonic to the distilled water in the bag. EXPERIMENT 1D 1. If the potato core is allowed to dehydrate by sitting in the open air, would the water potential of the potato cells decrease or increase? Why? It would decrease because the water would leave the cells and cause the water potential to go down. 2. If a plant cell has a lower water potential then its surrounding surround and if pressure is equal to z ero, is the cell hypertonic or hypotonic to its environment?Will the cell gain water or lose water? It is hypotonic and it will gain water. 3. The cup is open to the atmosphere, what is the pressure potential of the system? The pressure potential is zero. 4. Where is the greatest water potential? In the dialysis bag. 5. Water will diffuse out of the bag. Why? It is because the water moves from the area of high water potential to an area of lower water potential. 6. What effect does adding solute have on the solute potential component of the solution? Why? It makes it more negative 7.Consider what would happen to a red blood sell placed in distilled water A) which would have the higher concentration of water molecules? Distilled Water B) which would have the higher water potential? Distilled Water C) what would happen to the red blood cell? Why? It would leak, because it would recognize to ofttimes water. Conclusion In Exercise 1A the data collected helped tell which molecules can and can not move across a cell membrane. IKI, we know because of its color change, was able to move across a membrane. Starch, although, is too large to move across a membrane.Glucose was able to move freely, along with the water, across the cell membrane. In 1B, it was proven that water moves faster across the cell membrane then sucrose. The water moved to help reach equilibrium between the 2 solutions. The sucrose molecules are too big to move across the membrane as fast as water can. In experiment 1C showed that the potatoes contained sucrose. The sucrose in the potato raised the solute potential, which lowered the water potential. The cup of distilled water had a high water potential water moves down the concentration gradient, causing the potato cores to take on water.

Napoleon Bonaparte: Good Or Bad Essay

Napoleon Bonaparte was not a good attraction and although he did help France he was too bloodthirsty and arrogant to be considered a good ruler. He did gain much land and wealth for France however there was too much bloodshed involved. He said that he did not care how much blood was spilled as long as he got his way and won he was fine with death. This shows that he has no touch on for the people of France and would throw away their lives so that he could come out victorious. One cannot be considered a great leader unless he is a leader of the people and although the country may be wealthy that doesnt necessarily mean that the French people are happy.In addition Napoleon was likewise very arrogant, a trait that eventu aloney led to his downfall. His invasion of Russia was a mixture of his arrogance and greed that eventually lead to the death of almost all of his troops and his downfall. That downfall caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands of men in the army and also burned Rus sia to the ground and brought France plummeting downward. Altogether although Napoleon gave France wealth he would not be considered a great due to the amount of bloodshed under his reign.

Othello By William Shakespeare †What is the dramatic significants of the first scene? Essay

Q. What is the dramatic significants of the first scene?A. During his reign as literature king Shakespeare wrote the twist Othello. The play is based mainly on the conflict between Italy and Cyprus in the early 1600s Shakespeares characters also reflect this troubled time.Act one Scene gives the lector their first glimpse as to what the play might represent. The scene starts in the middle of an argument between Iago and Rodergio somewhere in Venice. They are arguing well-nigh Othello marriage to Desdemona (the daughter of Brabantio a master(prenominal) Venetian senator.) Roderigo questions Iago about his lack of knowledge surrounding this event. From the language used we know that Iago has taken money from Rodreigo to observe track on Desdemona as Roderigo is secretly in love with her. Iago has failed by not knowing about Othellos secret wedding to Desdemona.That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were thine shouldst know of this.The fact that this scene begins m id way through an argument is actually significant as this would of grabbed an earshots attention in the early 1600s as there were no microphone and no proper way of showing the audience that the play has begun. In starting this way the play has interested the audience and left them with the question, what is this argument about?Iago is what was kn witness as during the time of Elizabethan theatre a Machiav broodl villain. This means the audiences know this character is untrustworthy he is but really out for himself. Iago wants Power and money. Through out this scene money terminology is used to a great affect. This shows that money and status was very important at this time.By debitor and creditor this counter caster, he, in good time, must be a lieuitenant be,Iago is a very bitter man he wants to take his own revenge upon Othello even if this means Othello will truly suffer the consequences as he was not given the top theorise, which he sees he deserves. further Othello gave the job to Michael Cassio who we not yet been introduced too. Iago makes wild comments about Michael Cassio stating he is all talk and no action on the battlefield this is highly insulting. Iago is also very cruel when talking with Roderigo about Othello he is very racist and patronizing Othellos name is never used throughout this scene he is referred to as The Moor. I believe this to be very rude and pure jealousy on Iagos part. However this does not really matter at this moment as Othello is highly regarded deep down this society.Within this scene Iago clearly shows he is not someone to be trusted. He is very ironic with that the fact that he shows Roderigo and the audience he is who he is and no one can change that about him. At this point the audience sense the Irony of this particular line. He is admitting he cannot be trusted.I am not what I amIago decides that one of the ways in which to seek his revenge upon Othello is by telling Brabantio (Desdemonas father) about her sec ret wedding to Othello. However Iago is very cunning as he talks Roderigo into calling upon Desdemona father and telling him the truth, as obviously he doesnt want this crime to be traced back to him this plan makes perfect sense.Call up her father, Rouse him, make him after his poison his delight.Brabantio then enters this scene he asks about what is all the disagreement about as this scene takes place in the middle of the night. Brabantio is obviously worried as Iago calls out and say thieves are at Brabantios this creates a plenteousness of fuss. Iago tells him that someone close is plotting once against him (Othello) and that he should be more aware. Iago wants to be seen as a hero. Roderigo then takes the lead, as Iago does not want to get into trouble as he has still got to go back to Othello. Roderigo breaks the news to Brabantio. The language here shows that Roderigo is trying to break this news gently but the truth is he does not care about the consequences.The worser we lcome, I have charged thee not to haunt about my doors in honest plainness thou hast heard me say etcUpon spiteful bravery dost thou come to start my quiet.Branbantio cannot believe what he is hearing he is in shock as he regards Othello highly. This clearly shows Othello has a very high status. Roderigo swears it is true and Iago backs this up showing his character to be a liar. Brabantio is forced to believe them making him insanely jealous and totally nieve. Iago then explains that Desdemonas blessedness is important to him once again Iago seems like our unlikely hero. Brabantio decides that he must go and find Othello to confront him.At the end of this Roderigo and Iago are once again left alone this is very significant to the scene as it shows that this scene had begun and ended in a very similar way. Roderigo finally reminds Iago of their deal the save thing they want is revenge on Othello. They strongly believe he deserves it, however as an audience we cannot make this jud gement, as we have never met him. The scarce thing we as an audience can go off if what other characters have said about him. We believe Othello to be noble and brave not cunning and kneiving. Iago finally leaves to go back to Othello. This shows Iago is a plotter by going between these two characters, we do not know where his loyalty lies. ultimately Brabantio returns and goes to find Othello he is angry and upset. Roderigo decides to go and find Othello too. This scene ends on a semi tense cliffhanger. This scene leaves the audience wondering what may lie ahead. The dramatic significants within this scene shows dramatic irony mainly focusing on Iago. This villain needs to be stopped, but how? Is the question still to be answered.

Law Cases Essay

Our whole economy is based on the freedom of individuals to have and a schema of equitys that enforces contr spots freely entered into. But a lot of people may non be aw atomic number 18 of what are the es moveial elements required to make an enforceable contract . Recently I was asked if a contract non in writing is binding . We are so accustomed to seeing contracts in writing that legion(predicate) people assume that a contract must be in writing (and lengthy) before it is enforceable . To form a contract , on that point are no particular words that must be used by the parties . However , t here(predicate) must be an unfold by one expression and an acceptance of the offer by the person to whom the offer was make . Without both an offer and an acceptance , there can be no consensus ad idem or a meeting of the minds which is essential to form a contract. No conditions can be wedded to the acceptance and the call of the offer cannot be changed. If conditions are attached o r foothold are changed, the parties are merely negotiating and may ultimately r all(prenominal) agreement on the ground of the contract. For example, if your response is that you will pay me $5.00 to cut the lawn but I must cut once again next month for the same price, there is no contract. You have made a counter offer which I am free to accept or reject. Likewise, the acceptance cannot be conditional on roughly other eventidets. In the same way the Lady Gaga has cancelled her concert at the O2 . get at a local entrepreneur has got 500 island of Jerseys and he has asked mike Baldwin a local shirt manufacturer , if it is possible than is he able to print Lady Gaga on the face up of the T-shirt . Mike agrees to do it but when irritate went there for collection he saw that the word print on all the T-shirt was Lad Gaga and even the ink of the print damage the material of the T-shirt which is not good . When Harry makes complain about it, Mike told him to refer the contract which is placed on the front door that limiting financial obligation for damaged items to 20% of the value .According to this generally a article will co-ordinated if the caller has given reasonable notice . These was clearly illustrated in Thompson v LMS railroad . Here the claimant was injured whilst stepping off a train .The railway comp each displayed prominent notices on the platforms excluding financial obligation personal injury and damage to property due to negligence . The tickets also stated they were subject to terms and conditions displayed on the platform . The claimant was illiterate and could not read the signs. She argued that the exclusion article was not incorporated into the contract as the railway comp any(prenominal) had not brought the article to her attention at the time the contract was made. The clause was incorporated . thither is only a requirement to take reasonable steps to bring the clause to the attention of a reasonable person. There was no duty to ensure that every traveller was cognizant of the clause . The claimant was indeed unsuccessful in her claim for damages. (accessed on e-lawresouces .co.uk , 5/12/12 )understandably this objective testify will very according to the facts of eagh case but there are a number of factors that are relevant in determining reasonableness in this context , one more(prenominal) thing is required and that is degree of notice . Harry had a small notice at the front door which is limitation clause and it is stated therefor that less onerous than exclusion clause . It may be common notice of trade because the actual size of the notice may be more significant .This has been proved by stating some more case laws such as , Thornton v horseshoe Lane Parking , The claimant was injured in a car park partly due to the suspects negligence . The claimant was given a ticket on entering the car park aft(prenominal) putting money into a form . The ticket stated the contract of parking was subj ect to terms and conditions which were displayed on the inside of the car park . One of the terms excluded obligation for personal injuries arising through negligence.The skepticism for the court was whether the term was incorporated into the contract ie had the suspect brought it to the attention of the claimant before or at the time the contract was made . This question depended upon where the offer and acceptance took place in relation to the machine . The machine itself constituted the offer . The acceptance was by putting the money into the machine. The ticket was dispensed later on the acceptance took place and therefore the clause was not incorporated into the contract. According to previous decision of Spurling v Bradshaw , it is stated that some clauses are to be printed in red ink and with the red hand pointer pointed towards the notice, which could be held in a sufficient way . This reason was further been supported by coquette of Appeal . Another relevant factor for the Harrys present question of reasonableness that is the measure of the notice to be handed .The most effective time for handing the notice is before the contract has been made otherwise it is too late . This has been made abundantly clear in cases such as Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel and Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking . Thats the reason that if Harry had contracted in advance of arriving at the counter , the notice would be too late . However if he arrived to gross(a) the agreement then the clause could be part of the contract . These states that even if the limitation clause is incorporated into the contract than it does not mean that it is an effective clause . The law has sought to protect vulnerable parties from freedom clauses . This protection has take ii forms - Judicial ascendance through the common law and statutory control since 1977 . The judicial approach is kat oncen as the contra proferentum rule. According to this , if there is any ambiguity in the verbalism than that is strictly constructed against the party which seeking to rely on it .Limitation clause are construed in a more liberal manner as they are not as harsh as exclusion clauses .In Ailsa Craig Fishing v Melvern Lord Fraser reffered to this strict principle when they applied , A contract amid existed between Securicor and Aberdeen Fishing Vessel Owners Association whereby Securicor were to provide security cover in the harbour where the claimants vessels were moored . As a result of negligence and breach of contract the claimants vessels sunk. The contract contained a clause which provided that in the event of negligence or breach , Securicor would not be liable for any amount olympian 1,000 in any one claim and that it would not be liable for more than 10,000 in any twelve month period . The House of Lords held that where the clause limits financial obligation rather than excludes liability altogether the courts should hold the natural meaning of the clause and not be to o eager to find ambiguity .So the court would be more lenient in their interpretation of Harrys clause since it limits liability . If Harrys clause is clear and unambiguous there would be no scope for application program of the judicial control system . As in certain slew the clause can even cover a fundamental breach as in Photo Productions v Securicor . According to the unsporting Contract foothold displace 1977, the clause of Harry must be satisfactory . (accessed on Ailsa Craig angle v Malvern Fishing (1983) . Here the Act clearly applies the Harrys clause where a chore seeks to exclude or limit liability . Under section 2(2) clauses attempting to exclude or limit liability for damaged property caused by negligence are subject to a test of reasonableness . The test is in section 11(1) and basically states that a clause is reasonable if in all surrounding circumstances of the case , than it is reasonable .This circular definition gives the trial judge a discretion to decid e each case on its own facts . under section 11(5) the burden of proving that the clause is reasonable is on the party seeking to rely on it .So Harry must prove that the clause is reasonable . Section 11(4 ) states devil factors that the court must consider when determining the reasonableness of a limitation clause .Firstly the pick of party rely on the clause and also the question of whether he is in a prepare to insure against the risk of loss . Harrys has the resource of profit making worry as opposed to the resources of the community theatre and would also be able to insure against the risk of such losses . After determining the reasonableness of the clause which attempts to exempt liability implied in contracts for the sales of goods , this kind of act must be consider in court. However the courts such as House of Lords states certain factors in two different case laws , they are such as smith v scouring mastered to the county court in Woodman v Photo Trade Processing . These two case law states that some of the factors of Schedule 2 are considered as case of negligence. According to the case law of Smith v Bush , it states that a heap report of the claimants house carried out by the defendant failed to advise on some structural damage to the property which resulted in the chimney breast collapsing.There was no contractual relationship between the claimant and defendant as the mortgage company arranged the survey and the claimant made payment to the mortgage company . The contract between the claimant and the mortgage company contained a clause exempting the surveyor from liability . In considering if such a clause was reasonable under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 , the court took into account the fact that it was a modest house to be used as the family home and concluded that it was an unreasonable clause and therefore ineffective. The House of Lords held that it might be reasonable for a surveyor to exclude liability if the property was of higher value or to be used for investment or business purposes . According to this case law , they are generally relevant to question of reasonableness , here on of the factor is related to the bargaining strengths of the parties . (accessed on Smith v Eric Bush (1990) , 5/12/12) . In the case law of Woodman v Photo Trade Processing , Woodman sent wedding photographs to PTP for processing .The take aim was sent in an envelope which contained , printed on the outside , an exemption clause limiting liability to a replacement film . The film was lost due to negligence (it would now be considered as failure to exercise reasonable skill and care under s13 of the Supply of Goods and serve Act 1982). W sued. The court decided that this limitation on liability was (in these circumstances) unreasonable, since it was due to negligence that the film was lost , and the consumer had no choice over the contract. Since this decision , most postal film companies offer a choice of paying extra for insurance . Even with this option , there have been cases where these companies have been held to be performing unreasonably , because the clause has tended to be hidden , in small print on the envelope. (accessed on economic truth .co.uk , 5/12/12 ) .According to these two case laws, it is relevant that Harry and Mike are two businesses and would appear to have equality of bargaining strengths. This strength can be used as an opposition for both the client and a business or even for any small business or multinational. Another relevant factor would be whether Mikes knew or ought to known of the clause, perhaps from the trade . The trial judge suggested that the clause would be more reasonable if the customer had a choice from a two tier service, one will low costs but a high risk , and one with more protection but at a exchange premium . The basic idea from this is logical , and if Harry does in fact offer such a two tier service it would go in his favour . In Phillips v Hyland Slade LJ , it demonstrates the action of the Unfair contract terms act (1977) .The plaintiff hire an power shovel and driver from the defendant the driver negligently drove the excavator into the plaintiffs building , causing damage . When sued for damages , the defendant relied on an exclusion clause that disclaimed liability for negligent actions of drivers . The plaintiff argued that the exclusion clause was inadmissible under the UCTA , which states that a clause disclaiming liability for damage resulting from negligence must be shown to be reasonable . The defendants tried to argue that the clause at issue was a duty-defining clause , and not an exclusion clause at all . The court , acting in the spirit of the UCTA , deemed that the clause was defensive , not duty-defining , and therefore an exclusion clause under the Act . The defendant also claimed that the clause was reasonable , and could therefore be upheld even if it were construed as an exclusion clause .The court held that the plaintiff , which hired excavators only rarely , was not in a position to thought the risk involved in doing so the defendants , however , were operating in their main line of business , and should have been able to assess the risk accurately and take insurance to cover it . The clause was therefore deemed unfair and struck out .(accessed on lawiki.org/index.php , 5/12/12) . This application of the test of reasonableness turns on the facts of each case and will not be treated as binding precedent . So if the cause if similar to Harrys than he had satisfaction of previous test of reasonableness , that is not to be taken as an indication of the validity of Harrys clause . At the destruction it is clearly stated that this case is also turns on its own facts .REFERENCE -* Ailsa Craig fish v Malvern fishing (1983) , http//www.e-lawresources.co.uk/cases/Ailsa-Craig-fishing-v-Malvern-fishing.php , 5/12/12 . * Image of leadership and management , http//www.transitions coaching service.co.uk/page/1lko/about_us_ , 5/12/12. * Philips v Hyland Slade LJ (1987) , http//lawiki.org/index .php?title= Philips_ products_v_hyland_(1987)&action=edit ,5/12/12 . * Smith v Eric Bush (1990) 1 AC 831 , http//www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Smith-v-Eric-Bush.php ,5/12/12 . * Thompson v London ,Midland and Scotland Railway co , http//www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Thompson-v-London-Midland-and-Scotland-Railway-co.php , 5/12/12) . * Woodman v Photo Trade Processing 1981 , http//www.economic-truth.co.uk/?page_id=148 ,5/12/12 .

Measuring Customer Satisfaction

In the wake of actual economic decline, system of ruless clearly understand the need for good client relations. Consumers atomic subdue 18 paid strict attention to the quality, cost and availability of the products they desire. Moreover, consumers atomic number 18 watching the dividing line practices of the organizations that provide them with goods and services. Organizations understand that in order to be profitable they need to create and maintain a wholesome customer animal and in order to do this the customer has to be satisfied.When measuring the quality of an organizations goods and services, customer merriment predicts whether they retain their current customer base. At the very least organizations want to maintain current customers because plying new aces can be costly. Organizations need to know what expectations their customers devour of their services and products, the effectiveness of their grocery storeing strategies, the distinctiveness of their orders i mage, as well as the key elements that most heavily influence customer retention for their business (Importance of Customer Feedback, 2011).This paper allow explore what best practices such as customer feedback and evaluations, customer satisfaction, market analysis, service analysis and marketing strategic planning organizations be using to measure customer satisfaction in order to keep their loyal customers while adding new ones. Customer Feedback and Evaluations Organizations ar listening to and acting on what their customers are saying by using customer feedback and evaluations tools to improve their companys success.They using this to stay in sync with their customers wants and demands of the goods and services they provide. Companies understand by tailoring their goods and services to meet the customers desires give lead to higher business success (Bosma Research International, 2011). Customer Satisfaction Companies are realizing that for them to maintain a high level of success customer satisfaction is the key.They understand to achieve this, they have to know who their customers are, whats important to them, how satisfied they are with their goods and services, what keeps them coming back or why are they leaving, what are their inescapably and expectations of the goods and services provided and are those needs and expectations being met (Bosma Research International, 2011). Market Analysis Market analysis is some other important tool that organizations are using to measure customer satisfaction.During this analysis, companies are looking at who are their competitors, how do customers compare them to their competitors, what can they do to increase their competitive edge and how do they compare to manufacturing standards and benchmarks (Bosma Research International, 2011). Service Analysis Organizations rely heavily on their internal analysis and they understand the greatness of this tool.In this analysis, companies are looking at what goods an d services they provide are most important to their customers, what elements apparent movement customer satisfaction and what is it about the goods and services they provide affects customer retention the most (Bosma Research International, 2011). merchandise and Strategic Planning Finally, businesses are using marketing and strategic planning techniques to measure customer satisfaction. Organizations are looking at the changes needed to their goods and services, how to prioritize the changes and how to implement the changes (Bosma Research International, 2011).Companies understand that this tool is probably one of the most important however, all the aforementioned customer satisfaction measurements are closely interlinked. Types of Industries Compiled below are a list of industries I think would benefit from the customer satisfaction tools discussed in this paper chemical substance Consumer Products Electronics Consulting Retail Publishing Media Health Care Professional Services Telecommunications Financial Services Banking Computer parcel and Utilities.Each of these industries has a customer ase that they provide goods and services to moreover, they each have a large number of competitors that their customers can choose. Linkage to My Organizations Practices This is a challenge linking these customer satisfaction tools to my former organization (US legions) because the Army does not sell products or services. However, I will go out on a limb to say that the US Army sells itself to the American people to gain recruits, trust and support. The US Army uses internal feedback and evaluations to improve training, food, housing, medical services, weapon systems and other equipment to retain current force levels.They understand that if Soldiers are not satisfied they will leave the service in rapid numbers. The US Army does have competitors (i. e. US Air Force, Marines, Navy, Coast Guard and Civilian Industries) and they look at what their competitors are offeri ng that is equivalent. The US Army spends millions of dollars on marketing and strategic planning to attract new recruits as well holding their current personnel. Recommendations for My Organizational Improvements I would recommend improving the quality of pay and benefits, recreational services, medical services, and appointee rotations.SummaryIn conclusion, customer satisfaction is an important factor for the bottom line. Statistics show that the typical company gets 65 percent of its business from existing customers and it costs five times more to find a new customer than to keep an existing one happy. One study found that businesses with 98 percent customer retention rate are twice as profitable as those at 94 percent (Evans & Lindsay, 2009, p. 193). This research shows the importance of creating and implementing best practice tools to measure customer satisfaction, in doing so businesses will not only retain their current loyal customers but also in return add new ones.

Zoe’s Tale PART II Chapter Seventeen

The quaternion of us go as silently as we could into the forest, from the place where Gretchen had seen Magdy, Enzo and their two friends go into the tree line. We listened for their sounds n wizard of them had been apt to move quietly. It wasnt a good thing for them, especiall(a)y if the creatures decided to hunt them. It was better for us, because we hopeed to de allowion them. We listened for our friends on the ground, we watched and listened for movement in the trees. We already knew what perpetually they were could track us. We bankd we aptitude be able to track them, too.In the distance, we insu cherry-red rustling, as if of quick, hurried movement. We psycheed that direction, Gretchen and I taking pose, hickory and Dickory fast behind.Gretchen and I had been develop for months, learning how to move, how to defend ourselves, how to fight and how to garbage charge, if it was necessary. Tonight, any part of what we learned might position up to be used. We migh t be bulge surface to fight. We might even slang to kill.I was so sc bed that if I stopped running, I think I would nurse collapsed into a ball and neer gotten up.I didnt stop running. I kept expiration. assay to encounter Enzo and Magdy before something else did. Trying to find them, and to save them.After Gutierrez decease, Magdy didnt see any point in keeping our story quiet anymore, so he started blabbing to his friends, Gretchen had told me. He was giving community the image that hed actually faced these things and had managed to keep them bump mangle while the rest of us were puffting by.Idiot, I said.When you pargonnts came pole with forth the hunting party, a group of his friends came to him somewhat organizing a search, Gretchen said. Which was actually solely an excuse for a mickle of them to stalk through the forest with guns. My dad caught wind of this and tried to step on its transport. He reminded them that louver adults just went into the forest and didnt contract out. I belief that was the end of it, precisely now I hear that Magdy just waited until my dad went to go visit yours before gathering up some like-minded idiots to head hit into the woods.Didnt anyone notice them heading off? I asked.They told good deal they were discharge to do a s frolicsome point practice on Magdys p arents homestead, Gretchen said. No ones spillage to complain about them doing that right about now. erstwhile they got there they just took off. The rest of Magdys family is here in town like e actuallyone else. No one knows theyre missing.Howd you find out about this? I asked. Its not like Magdy would tell you this right now.His humble group leftfield soulfulness behind, Gretchen said. Isaiah Miller was expiration to go with him, just now his dad wouldnt let him keep the croak for site practice. I hear him complaining about that and indeedce basi entreaty intimidated the rest of it out of him.Has he told anybody else? I asked .I dont think so, Gretchen said. Now that hes had magazine to think about it I dont think he unavoidablenesss to get in trouble. provided we should tell someone.Well cause a panic if we do, I said. Six people contract already died. If we tell people four more people four kids have bygone off into the woods, people will go insane. Then well have more people heading off with guns and more people dying, either by these things or by accidentally filling each early(a) because theyre so wired up.What do you want to do, past? Gretchen asked.Weve been training for this, Gretchen, I said.Gretchens eyes got very wide. Oh, no, she said. Zoe, I love you, except thats loopy. Theres no port youre getting me out there to be a target for these things again, and theres no way Im passing game to let you go out there.It wouldnt just be us, I said. Hickory and Dickory Hickory and Dickory are going to tell you youre nuts, too, Gretchen said. They just spent months teaching you how to defen d yourself, and you think theyre going to be at all happy with you putting yourself out there for something to use as spear practice. I dont think so.Lets ask them, I said.Miss Gretchen is correct, Hickory said to me, once I called for it and Dickory. This is a very corked estimation. Major Perry and Lieutenant Sagan are the ones who should deal with this matter.My dads got the whole rest of the colony to annoying about at the moment, I said. And Moms in the medical bay, getting fixed from when she dealt with this the last m.You dont think that tells you something? Gretchen said. I turned on her, a low angry, and she held up a hand. grungy, Zoe. That came out wrong. But think about it. Your mom was a Special Forces soldier. She fought things for a living. And if she came out of this with a wound bighearted enough for her to all overlook her night in the medical bay, it loadeds that whatever is out there is serious business.Who else can do this? I asked. Mom and Dad went a fter that hunting party on their own for a power they had been trained to fight and deal with experiences like that. Anyone else would have gotten themselves killed. They cant go after Magdy and Enzo right now. If anyone else goes after them, theyre going to be in just as much danger as those two and their opposite friends. Were the that ones who can do this.Dont get angry at me for saying this, Gretchen said. But it sounds like youre excited to do this. Like you want to go out there and fight something.I want to find Enzo and Magdy, I said. Thats all I want to do.We should inform your father, Hickory said.If we inform my father hell tell us no, I said. And the foresightfuler we talk about this the longer its going to take to find our friends.Hickory and Dickory put their heads in concert and clacked quietly for a minute. This is not a good idea, Hickory said, finally. But we will help you.Gretchen? I asked.Im stressful to decide if Magdy is worth it, she said.Gretchen, I said. Its a joke, she said. The sort you realize when youre about to wet your pants.If we are to do this, Hickory said. We must do it on the assumption that we will engage in combat. You have been trained with firearms and hand weapons. You must be prepared to use them if necessary.I understand, I said. Gretchen nodded.Then let us get ready, Hickory said. And let us do so quietly.Any confidence that I had any idea what I was doing left me the moment we entered the forest, when the running through the trees brought me plump for to the last while I raced through them at night, some un cognize thing or things pacing us invisibly. The unlikeness between now and thus was that I had been trained and prepared to fight. I thought it would make a difference in how I felt.It didnt. I was scared. And not just a little.The rustling, rushing sound we had comprehend was getting closer to us and heading right for us, on the ground and sorrowful fast. The four of us halted and hid and prepared our selves to deal with whatever was coming at us.Two human forms burst out of the purify and ran in a straight line past where Gretchen and I were hiding. Hickory and Dickory grabbed them as they passed by them the boys screamed in terror as Hickory and Dickory took them down. Their rifles went skidding across the ground.Gretchen and I rushed over to them and tried to calm them down. being human helped.Neither was Enzo or Magdy.Hey, I said, as soothingly as I could, to the one close to me. Hey. Relax. Youre safe. Relax. Gretchen was doing the same to the other one. Eventually I recognized who they were Albert Yoo and Michel Gruber. both(prenominal) Albert and Michel were people I had long filed away under the kind of a twit category, so I didnt spend any more time with them than I had to. They had drive offed the favor.Albert, I said, to the one closest to me. Where are Enzo and Magdy? fall your thing off of me Albert said. Dickory was mute restraining him.Dickory, I said. It let Albert go. Where are Enzo and Magdy? I repeated.I dont know, Albert said. We got separated. Those things in the trees started chanting at us and Michel and I got spooked and took off. intonation? I asked.Or singing or clicking or whatever, Albert said. We were walking along, looking for these things when all these noises started coming out of the trees. Like they were savoring to show us that they had snuck up on us without us even knowing.This unhinged me. Hickory? I asked.There is nothing significant in the trees, it said. I relaxed a little.They surrounded us, Albert said. And then Magdy took a shot at them. And then things actually got loud. Michel and I got out of there. We just ran. We didnt see where Magdy and Enzo went.How long ago was this? I asked.I dont know, Albert said. Ten minutes, fifteen. Something like that.Show us where you came from, I said. Albert pointed. I nodded. Get up, I said. Dickory will take you and Michel spine to the tree line. You can get tolerat e from there.Im not going anywhere with that thing, Michel said, his first contribution to the evening.Okay, then you have two choices, I said. Stay here and hope we come backward for you before these things do, or hope that you make it to the tree line before they beat up with you. Or you can let Dickory help you and maybe survive. Your choice. I said it a little more forcefully than I had to, but I was annoyed that this idiot didnt want help staying alive.Okay, he said.Good, I said. I picked up their rifles and handed them to Dickory, and took his. Take them to the tree line near Magdys homestead. Dont give them back their rifles until you get there. keep down back and find us as soon as you can. Dickory nodded, intimidated Albert and Michel into movement, and headed off.I never liked them, Gretchen said as they left.I can see why, I said, and gave Dickorys rifle to Hickory. Come on. Lets keep going.We heard them before we saw them. Actually, Hickory, whose hearing goes above h uman range, heard them trilling and chirping and chanting. They are singing, Hickory said quietly, and led Gretchen and me to them. Dickory arrived, silently, just before we found them. Hickory handed over its rifle.In the small set lay offing were six figures.Enzo and Magdy were the first I recognized. They knelt on the ground, heads down, delay for whatever was going to take chances to them. The light was not good enough for me to see any expression on either of their faces, but I didnt have to see their faces to know that they were scared. some(prenominal) had happened to the two of them had gone badly, and now they were just waiting for it to end. However it would end.I took in Enzos kneeling form and remembered in a rush why I loved him. He was there because he was trying to be a good friend for Magdy. Trying to keep him out of trouble, or at the very least to share his trouble if he could. He was a decent human being, which is rare enough but is something of a miracle in a teenage boy. I came out here for him because I still loved him. It had been weeks since wed said anything more than a open hello at school when you break up in a small community you have to make some space but it didnt matter. I was still connected to him. Some part of him stayed in my heart, and I imagined would for as long as I lived.Yes, it was a very inconvenient place and time to realize all of this, but these things happen when they happen. And it didnt make any noise, so it was all right.I looked over at Magdy, and this is the thought I had When all of this is through, I am seriously going to kick his ass.The four other figuresWerewolves.It was the only way to describe them. They looked feral, and strong, and carnivorous and nightmarish, and with all of that was movement and sound that made it glide by that there were brains in there to go along with everything else. They shared the four eyes of all the Roanoke animals we had seen so far, but other than that they cou ld have been lifted right out of folklore. These were werewolves.Three of the werewolves were busy taunting and paper bag Magdy and Enzo, weely toying with them and threatening them. One of them held a rifle that it had interpreted off of Magdy, and was jabbing him with it. I wondered if was still loaded, and what would happen to Magdy or the loup-garou if it went off. Another held a spear and occasionally horn ind Enzo with it. The three of them were chirping and clicking at each other I dont doubt they were discussing what to do with Magdy and Enzo, and how to do it.The fourth loup-garou stood apart from the other three and acted differently. When one of the other werewolves went to poke Enzo or Magdy, it would step in and try to keep them from doing it, stand between the humans and the rest of the werewolves. Occasionally it would step in and try to talk to one of the other werewolves, gesturing back to Enzo and Magdy for emphasis. It was trying to convince the other werewo lves of something. To let the humans go? Maybe. Whatever it was, the other werewolves werent having any of it. The fourth werewolf kept at it anyway.It suddenly reminded me of Enzo, the first time I saw him, trying to keep Magdy from getting into an idiotic fight for no reason at all. It didnt work that time Gretchen and I had to step in and do something. It wasnt on the job(p) now, either.I glanced over and saw that Hickory and Dickory had both taken up positions where they could get clean shots at the werewolves. Gretchen had moved off from me and was setting up her own shot. surrounded by the four of us we could take all of the werewolves before they even knew what had happened to them. It would be quick and clean and easy, and wed get Enzo and Magdy out of there and back home before anyone knew anything had happened.It was the smart thing to do. I quietly moved and readied my weapon, and took a minute or two to stop shaking and steady up.I knew wed take them in sequence, Hickor y on the far left taking the first of the three group werewolves, Dickory taking the second, Gretchen the third, and I the last one, standing away from the rest. I knew the rest of them were waiting for me to make the shot.One of the werewolves moved to poke Enzo again. My werewolf hurried, too late, to stop the assault.And I knew. I didnt want to. I just didnt. Didnt want to kill it. Because it was trying to save my friends, not kill them. It didnt deserve to die just because that was the easiest way to get back Enzo and Magdy.But I didnt know what else to do.The three werewolves started chittering again, first in what seemed like a random way, but then together, and to a beat. The one with a spear began thumping it into the ground in time, and the three of them started working off the beat, playing against each others voices for what was clearly a victory chant of some sort or another. The fourth werewolf started gesturing more frantically. I had a terrible fear of what was going to happen at the end of the chant.They kept singing, getting closer to the end of that chant.So I did what I had to do.I interpret back.I opened my mouth and the first line of Delhi Morning came out of it. not well, and not on key. Actually, it was really bad all those months of practicing it and playing it at hootenannies were not paying off. It didnt matter. It was doing what I bespeaked it to do. The werewolves this instant fell silent. I kept singing.I glanced over to Gretchen, who was not so far away that I couldnt read the Are you completely insane? look that she had on her face. I gave her a look that said, abet me out please. Her face tightened up into something unreadable and she sighted down her rifle to keep one of the werewolves straightforwardly in target and started to sing the counterpoint of the song, dipping above and below my part, like we had practiced so umpteen times. With her help I found the right key to sing and homed in.And now the werewolves knew th ere was more than one of us.To the left of Gretchen, Dickory chimed in, mimicking the sitar of the song as he did so well. It was funny to watch, but when you closed your eyes it was voiceless to tell the difference between it and the real thing. I drank in the twang of his voice and kept singing. And to the left of Dickory, Hickory finally came in, using its long neck to sound off like a drum, decision the beat and keeping it from then on.And now the werewolves knew there were as many of us as them. And that we could have killed them anytime. But we didnt.My stupid plan was working. Now all I had to do was figure what I had think to do abutting. Because I really didnt know what I was doing here. All I knew was that I didnt want to shoot my werewolf. The one, in fact, who had now stepped off entirely away from the rest of his pack and was walking toward where he thought my voice was coming from.I decided to meet him halfway. I set down my rifle and stepped into the clearing, stil l singing.The werewolf with the spear began to raise it, and suddenly my mouth was very dry. I think my werewolf spy something on my face, because it turned and chattered madly at the spear carrier. The spear went down my werewolf didnt know it, but hed just saved his friend a bullet in the head from Gretchen.My werewolf turned back to me and started walking toward me again. I kept singing until the song was through. By that time, my werewolf was standing right next to me.Our song was finished. I stood there, waiting to see what my werewolf would do next.What he did next was point to my neck, to the literary hack elephant pendant Jane had given me.I touched it. Elephant, I said. Like your fanties.He stared at it again and then stared at me again. Finally it chirped out something.Hello, I said back. What else was I going to say?We had a check more minutes of sizing each other up. Then one of the three other werewolves chirped something. He chirped something back, and then tilted h is head at me, as if to say, It would really help me if you actually did something here.So I pointed to Enzo and Magdy. Those two belong to me, I said, making what I hoped were appropriate hand signals, so my werewolf would get the idea. I want to take them back with me. I inquiryed back in the direction of the colony. Then well leave you alone.The werewolf watched all my hand signals Im not sure how many of them he actually got. But when I was done, he pointed to Enzo and Magdy, then to me, and then in the direction of the colony, as if to say, Let me make sure Ive got this right.I nodded, said yes, and then repeated all the hand signals again. We were actually having a conversation.Or maybe we werent, because what followed was an burst of chittering from my werewolf, along with some wild gesticulating. I tried to follow it but I had no idea what was going on. I looked at him helplessly, trying to get what he was saying.Finally he figured out I had no clue what he was doing. So h e pointed at Magdy, and then pointed at the rifle one of the other werewolves was holding. And then he pointed at his side, and then motioned at me as if to take a closer look. Against my better judgment, I did, and noticed something I missed before My werewolf was injured. An ugly contrast was carved into his side, surrounded by raw welts on either side.That idiot Magdy had shot my werewolf.Barely, sure. Magdy was lucky that his exact continued to be bad, otherwise hed probably already be dead. But even grazing it was bad enough.I backed up from the werewolf and let him know Id seen enough. He pointed at Enzo, pointed at me, and pointed back to the colony. Then he pointed at Magdy and pointed at his werewolf friends. This was clear enough He was saying Enzo was free to go with me, but his friends wanted to keep Magdy. I didnt doubt that would end badly for Magdy.I move my head and made it clear I needed the both of them. My werewolf made it equally clear they wanted Magdy. Our n egotiations had just hit a really big snag.I looked my werewolf up and down. He was stocky, barely taller than me, and covered only in a sort of short skirt cinched up with a belt. A simple stone knife hung from the belt. Id seen pictures of knives like it from history books detailing the Cro-Magnon days back on Earth. The funny thing about the Cro-Magnons was that despite the fact that they were barely above banging rocks together, their brains were actually large than our brains are now. They were cavemen, but they werent stupid. They had the ability to think about serious stuff.I sure hope you have a Cro-Magnon brain, I said to my werewolf. Otherwise Im about to get in trouble.He tilted his head again, trying to figure out what I was trying to say to him.I motioned again, trying to make it clear I wanted to talk to Magdy. My werewolf didnt seem happy about this, and chattered something to his friends. They chattered back, and got pretty agitated. But in the end, my werewolf reac hed out to me. I let him take my wrist and he dragged me over to Magdy. His three friends fan themselves out behind me, ready if I should try anything stupid. I knew outside the clearing Hickory and Dickory, at least, would be moving to get better sight lines. There were still lots of ways this could go very very wrong. Magdy was still kneeling, not looking at me or anything else but a gunpoint on the ground.Magdy, I said.Kill these stupid things and get us out of here already, he said, quietly and fast, still not looking at me. I know you know how. I know you have enough people out there to do it.Magdy, I said again. Listen to me carefully and dont bring out me. These things want to kill you. Theyre willing to let Enzo go, but they want to keep you because you shot one of them. Do you understand what Im saying to you? simply kill them, Magdy said.No, I said. You went after these guys, Magdy. You were hunting them. You shot at them. Im going to try to keep you from getting killed. But Im not going to kill them because you put yourself in their way. Not unless I have to. Do you understand me?Theyre going to kill us, Magdy said. You and me and Enzo.I dont think so, I said. But if you dont bar up and actually listen to what Im trying to say to you, youre going to make that more likely.Just shoot Magdy began.For Gods sake, Magdy, Enzo said suddenly, from Magdys side. One person on the entire planet is risking her own neck for you and all you can do is turn over with her. You really are an ungrateful piece of construct. Now would you please shut up and listen to her. Id like to get out of this alive.I dont know who was more surprised by that outburst, me or Magdy.Fine, Magdy said, after a minute.These things want to kill you because you shot one of them, I said. Im going to try to convince them to let you go. But youre going to have to trust me and follow my lead and not argue and not fight back. For the last time Do you understand me?Yes, Magdy said.Okay, I said. They think Im your leader. So I need to give them the idea Im angry with you for what you did. Im going to have to punish you in count of them. And just so you know, this is going to hurt. A lot.Just Magdy began.Magdy, I said.Yeah, all right, whatever, Magdy said. Lets just do this.Okay, I said. Sorry about this. Then I kicked him in the ribs. Hard.He collapsed with a whoosh and fell flat to the ground. Whatever he was expecting, he wasnt expecting that.After he had gasped on the ground for a minute I grabbed him by the hair. He clutched at my hand and tried to get away.Dont fight me, I said, and gave him a quick plug away in the ribs to make the point. He got it and stopped. I pulled his head back and yelled at him for shooting the werewolf, pointing at his rifle and then the wounded werewolf and back and forth several times to make the point. The werewolves seemed to make the connection and chittered among themselves about it.Apologize, I told Magdy, still holding his h ead.Magdy reached out to the wounded werewolf. Im sorry, he said. If I had known that shooting would mean Zoe got to beat the crap out of me, I would never have done it.Thanks, I said, and then let go of his hair and smacked him hard across the face. Magdy went down again. I looked over to the werewolf to see if this was sufficient. He didnt look like he was quite there yet.I loomed over Magdy. How are you doing? I asked.I think Im going to throw up, he said.Good, I said. I think that would work. ask any help?I got it, he said, and retched all over the ground. This got impressed chirps from the werewolves.Okay, I said. Last part, Magdy. You really have to trust me on this one.Please stop hurting me now, Magdy said.Almost done, I said. Stand up, please.I dont think I can, he said.Sure you can, I said, and wrenched his arm to give him motivation. Magdy inhaled and stood up. I marched him over to my werewolf, who eyeball the both of us, curiously. I pointed at Magdy, and then to the werewolfs wound. Then I pointed to the werewolf, and made a slashing motion on Magdys side, and then pointed at the werewolfs knife.The werewolf gave me yet another head tilt, as if to say, I want to be sure we understand each other, here.Fairs fair, I said.Youre going to let him stab me? Magdy said, his voice travel dramatically at the end of that sentence.You shot him, I said.He could kill me, Magdy said.You could have killed him, I said.I hate you, Magdy said. I really really really hate you now.Shut up, I said, and then nodded to the werewolf. swear me, I said to Magdy.The werewolf drew his knife, and then looked back at his companions, who were all chattering aloud and beginning to chant what they were chanting earlier. I was all right with that. The difference now was that it was my werewolf who would do whatever violence would be done.My werewolf stood there for a minute, soaking in the chant of his buster werewolves. Then without warning he sliced at Magdy so quickly tha t I only got him moving back, not forward. Magdy hissed in pain. I let him go and he fell to the ground, clutching his side. I moved in front of him and grabbed his hands. Let me see, I said. Magdy moved his hands and winced preemptively, expecting a gush of blood.There was only the thinnest red line on his side. The werewolf had cut Magdy just enough to let him know he could have cut him a lot worse.I knew it, I said.You knew what? Magdy said.That I was dealing with a Cro-Magnon, I said.I really dont understand you, Magdy said.Stay down, I said. Dont get up until I tell you.Im not moving, he said. Really.I stood up and faced the werewolf, who had put his knife back on his belt. He pointed to Magdy, and then pointed to me, and then pointed back toward the colony.Thank you, I said, and gave the werewolf a little nod of my head, which I hoped would convey the idea. When I looked up again, I saw him staring at my jade elephant again. I wondered if hed ever seen jewelry before, or if it was simply because an elephant looks like a fantie. These werewolves followed the fantie herds they would be a main source of food for them. They were their lives.I took off my necklace and handed it to my werewolf. He took it and gently touched the pendant, making it twirl and glitter in the dim light of the night. He cooed at it appreciatively. Then he handed it back to me.No, I said. I held up a hand, and then pointed to the pendant, and to him. Its for you. Im giving it to you. The werewolf stood there for a moment, and then uttered a trill, which caused his friends to crowd approximately him. He held up the pendant for them to admire.Here, I said, after a minute, and motioned to him to hand me the necklace. He did, and I very slowly, so I wouldnt surprise him put it around his neck and fastened it. The pendant touched his chest. He touched it again.There, I said. That was given to me by someone very important, so I would remember the people who loved me. Im giving it to you , so youll remember that Im thanking you for giving me back people I love. Thank you.The werewolf gave me another of his head tilts.I know you dont have any idea what Im saying, I said. Thank you anyway.The werewolf reached to his side, pulled his knife. Then he laid it flat on his hand and offered it to me.I took it. Wow, I said, and admired it. I was careful not to touch the actual blade Id already seen how sharp it was. I tried to return it but he held up his hand or claw or whatever you want to call it, in a mirror of what I did for him. He was giving it to me.Thank you, I said again. He chirped, and with that he returned to his friends. The one holding Magdys rifle dropped it, and then without looking back they walked to the nearest trees, scaled them at an unbelievable speed and were gone almost instantly.Holy crap, I said, after a minute. I cant gestate that actually worked.You cant swear it, Gretchen said. She came out of hiding and stalked right up to me. What the hell is wrong with you? We come out all this way and you sing at them. Sing. Like youre at a hootenanny. We are not doing this again. Ever.Thank you for following my lead, I said. And for trusting me. I love you.I love you too, Gretchen said. It still doesnt mean this is ever going to happen again.Fair enough, I said.It was almost worth it to see you beat the crap out of Magdy, though, Gretchen said.God, I feel horrible about that, I said.Really? Gretchen said. It wasnt just a little bit of fun?Oh, all right, I said. Maybe a little.Im right here, Magdy said, from the ground.And you need to thank Zoe you are, Gretchen said, and solidification down to kiss him. You stupid, exasperating person. I am so happy you are still alive. And if you ever do anything like this again, I will kill you myself. And you know I can.I know, he said, and pointed to me. And if you cant, she will. I get it.Good, Gretchen said. She stood up and then held out her hand to Magdy. Now get up. Weve got a long way to g o to get home, and I think we just blew all our dumb luck for the year.What are you going to tell your parents? Enzo asked me, as we walked home.Tonight? Not a thing, I said. Both of them have enough to gravel about tonight. They dont need me coming in and saying that while they were out I faced down four werewolves who were about to kill two more colonists, and defeated them using only the power of song. I think I might wait a day or two to drop that one. Thats a hint, by the way.Hint taken, Enzo said. Although you are going to tell them something.Yes, I said. We have to. If these werewolves are following the fantie herds then were going to have problems like this every year, and every time they come back. I think we need to let people know theyre not actually murdering savages, but were all still better off if we just leave them alone.How did you know? Enzo asked me, a minute later.Know what? I said.That those werewolf thingies werent just murdering savages, Enzo said. You held M agdy and let that werewolf take a shot at him. You thought he wouldnt stab Magdy to death. I heard you, you know. After it did it, you said I knew it. So how did you know?I didnt, I said. But I hoped. He had just spent God knows how long keeping his friends from killing the two of you. I dont think he was just doing it because he was a nice guy.Nice werewolf, Enzo said.Nice whatever he is, I said. topic is, the werewolves have killed some of us. I know John and Jane killed some of them trying to get our people back. Both of us the colonists and the werewolves showed we were perfectly able to kill each other. I think we needed to show that we were unfastened of not killing each other, too. We let them know that when we sang at them instead of shooting them. I think my werewolf got that. So when I offered him a chance to get back at Magdy, I guessed he wouldnt really hurt him. Because I think he wanted us to know he was smart enough to know what would happen if he did.You still to ok a big risk, Enzo said.Yeah, I did, I said. But the only other alternative was to kill him and his friends, or have them kill all of us. Or all of us kill each other. I guess I hoped I could do something better. Besides, I didnt think it was too big a risk. What he was doing when he was keeping the others away from you two reminded me of someone I knew.Who? Enzo asked.You, I said.Yes, well, Enzo said. I think tonight marks the official last time I tag along with Magdy to keep him out of trouble. After this hes on his own.I have nothing bad to say about this idea, I said.I didnt think you would, Enzo said. I know Magdy gets on your last hardiness sometimes.He does, I said. He really, really does. But what can I do? Hes my friend.He belongs to you, Enzo said. And so do I.I looked over at him. You heard that part, too, I said.Trust me, Zoe, Enzo said. Once you showed up, I never stopped listening to you. Ill be able to recite everything you said for the rest of my life. Which I now have, convey to you.And Gretchen and Hickory and Dickory, I said.And I will thank them all, too, Enzo said. But right now I want to focus on you. Thank you, Zoe Boutin-Perry. Thank you for saving my life.Youre welcome, I said. And stop it. Youre making me blush.I dont believe it, Enzo said. And now its too dark to see.Feel my cheeks, I said.He did. You dont feel especially blushy, he said.Youre not doing it right, I said.Im out of practice, he said.Well, fix that, I said.All right, Enzo said, and kissed me.That was supposed to make you blush, not cry, he said, after we stopped.Sorry, I said, and tried to get myself back together. Ive just really missed it. That. Us.Its my fault, Enzo started.I put a hand up to his lips. I dont care about any of that, I said. I really dont, Enzo. None of that matters to me. I just dont want to miss you anymore.Zoe, Enzo said. He took my hands. You saved me. You have me. You own me. I belong to you. You said it yourself.I did, I admitted.So thats set tled, Enzo said.Okay, I said, and smiled.We kissed some more, in the night, outside Enzos front gate.